PAM is widely used in environmental systems including:
1.as a viscosity enhancer in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and more recently as a friction reducer in high volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF);
2.as a flocculant in water treatment and sludge dewatering;
3.as a soil conditioning agent in agricultural applications and other land management practices.
The hydrolyzed form of polyacrylamide (HPAM), a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid,is the most widely used anionic PAM in oil and gas development as well as in soil conditioning.
The most common commercial PAM formulation in the oil and gas industry is a water-in-oil emulsion, where the polymer is dissolved in the aqueous phase which is encapsulated by a continuous oil phase stabilized by surfactants.
Post time: Mar-31-2021