What are they for?
Biological wastewater treatment is the most commonly used sanitation method in the world. The technology uses different types of bacteria and other microorganisms to treat and clean contaminated water.
Wastewater treatment is equally important to human health and environmental protection. In fact, the use of these bacteria accelerates the treatment of small surface contamination: decontamination plants. This is better than letting the river deal with it, because even though it is the same purification process that occurs in nature, the amount of pollution emitted today is too high to keep the natural cycle intact. Thus, sewage treatment plants prevent eutrophication of rivers and also prevent the spread of diseases.
Municipal and industrial wastewater are major sources of wastewater. Thanks to the use of microorganisms, we are able to degrade the content of these organic wastes as they are used as a source of food and energy to grow and
reproduce.
Bacteria are at the heart of this process. Finally, a sewage treatment plant is a farm that grows microorganisms on a large scale.
Where do bacteria live?
Everywhere, from the water arriving at the treatment plant to the outlet. The operating parameters set in the treatment tank affect the development of various microbial structures and the species that make them up. Unlike the use of monocultures, this group of microorganisms is enriched in multiple species and can achieve higher levels of biodegradation on a wide range of substrates. This is the main reason affecting the quality of a
treated wastewater.
Typically, these organisms aggregate and condense into sheet-like substances called flocs in free culture. These macroscopic floe contain live and dead cells of bacteria, fungi, protozoa and metabolites. They gather around suspended organic matter that feeds on them. This is the case, for example, with activated slurries. Furthermore, in fixed cultures, similar biofilms formed on contacting surfaces. For example, biofilters and biodiscs are fixed cultures.
Some plants have UV reactors or chlorine gas injection to eliminate bacteria still present in output water before discharge into rivers. This is the case in Australia and New Zealand.
Who are these microbes?
First, before understanding who they are, we must understand the parameters that affect their growth. First, geographical location. Second, the type of pond the bacteria is growing in. The third is the characteristics of wastewater entering the factory. Finally, the operating parameters of the system, such as aeration, agitation, chemical injection. All of these factors produce quantitative variation between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria.
Temperature can affect the presence of certain species. Thus, the effect of geographic location can affect species composition. On the other hand, eg in industry, the presence of well-defined microorganisms can be explained by their ability to biodegrade specific components of industrial wastewater.
Bacteria are further classified according to the way they obtain oxygen. In wastewater treatment, the bacteria used to treat the wastewater entering the treatment plant are divided into three types: aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and facultative bacteria.
Their effects and solutions
The presence of bad bacteria (or lack thereof) can cause, inter alia:
Anaerobic digester biogas efficiency is low
Poor flocculation and sedimentation
excessive filamentous bacteria
Phosphorus excess
Low denitrification efficiency (NH4, NO3)
development of bad odor
Excess consumption
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Post time: Nov-29-2022