Sewage Water & Effluent Water Analysis
Sewage treatment is the process that removes the majority of the contaminants from waste-water or sewage and produces both a liquid effluent suitable for disposal to the natural environment and sludge. To be effective, sewage must be conveyed to a treatment plant by appropriate pipes and infrastructure and the process itself must be subject to regulation and controls. Other waste waters require often different and sometimes specialized treatment methods. At the simplest level treatment of sewage and most waste waters is through separation of solids from liquids, usually by settlement. By progressively converting dissolved material into solid, usually a biological flock and settling this out, an effluent stream of increasing purity is produced.
Description
Sewage is the liquid waste from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, etc. that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas sewage also includes some liquid waste from industry and commerce. In many countries, the waste from toilets is termed foul waste, the waste from items such as basins, baths and kitchens is termed sullage water, and the industrial and commercial waste is termed trade waste. The division of household water drains into grey water and black water is becoming more common in the developed world, with grey water being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. Much sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hard-standing areas. Municipal waste water therefore includes residential, commercial, and industrial liquid waste discharges, and may include storm water runoff.
Parameters Generally Tested:
• B.O.D. (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)
• C.O.D. (Chemical Oxygen Demand)
• MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids)
• Oil and Grease
• pH
• Conductivity
• Total Dissolved Solids
B.O.D (Biochemical Oxygen Demand):
Biochemical oxygen demand or B.O.D. is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period. The term also refers to a chemical procedure for determining this amount. This is not a precise quantitative test, although it is widely used as an indication of the organic quality of water. BOD can be used as a gauge of the effectiveness of waste water treatment plants. It is listed as a conventional pollutant in most countries.
C.O.D. (Chemical Oxygen Demand):
In environmental chemistry, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) test is commonly used to indirectly measure the amount of organic compounds in water. Most applications of COD determine the amount of organic pollutants found in surface water (e.g. lakes and rivers) or waste water, making COD a useful measure of water quality. Many governments impose strict regulations regarding the maximum chemical oxygen demand allowed in waste water before they can be returned to the environment.
cr.watertreatment
Post time: Mar-15-2023